What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.
How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 Program?
A. By defining macros.
B. By creating include programs in the library.
What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.
What are the types of Subroutines?
A. Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).B. External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.
What are the different types of parameters?
Formal parameters: Parameters which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.
Actual parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.
How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
A. Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
B. Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
What are the different methods of passing data?
A. Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters.The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also change.
B. Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
C. Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.
The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface.Sub routines do not return values.
Sub routines do not return exceptions.
Sub routines cannot be tested independently.
Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.
What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.
what is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
A. The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
B. You have to define the structure of the internal table at the begining. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.
C. In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses extract datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.
D. Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area or interface.
LOGICAL DATABASE
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
Ans :- A Logical Database is a hierarchical structure of tables. Use the GET statement to process Logical Databases.LDB consists of logically related tables grouped together - used for reading and processing data.
Advantages
1. No need of programming for retrieval , meaning for data selection
2. Easy to use standard user interface, have check completeness of user input.
Disadvantages
1. Fast in case of lesser no. of tables But if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.
Preparation of the data records by the L.D.B and reading of the data records in the actual report are accomplished with the command pair.
Put and Get.
The three main elements of LDB are
Structure, Selections, Database Program.
What sort of tables one can use in designing the hierarchy of a LDB ?
Tables which are having Foreign key relations.
The structure of Logical Databases relfects the ________________ dependencies of hierarchical tables in the SAP System.
Foreign key
If you want to improve the response time ( time to access data ) Logical DataBases permits you to achieve this using ______________
VIEWS.
What are the advantages of Logical Data Bases ?
It offers an easy-to-use selection screen. You can modify the pre-generated selection screen to your needs. It offers check functions to check whether user input is complete, correct, and plausible. It offers reasonable data selections.It contains central authorization checks for database accesses. Enhancements such as improved performance immediately apply to all report programs that use the logical database.
RELATED POSTS
ABAP FAQ'S ON INTERACTIVE REPORTS
SAP Project blueprint
My SAP Project safety and security
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to maintain and to update.
How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 Program?
A. By defining macros.
B. By creating include programs in the library.
What are subroutines?
Subroutines are program modules which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within the same program.
What are the types of Subroutines?
A. Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call).B. External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 program other than the calling procedure.
What are the different types of parameters?
Formal parameters: Parameters which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the FORM statement.
Actual parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement.
How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters?
A. Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
B. Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
What are the different methods of passing data?
A. Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameters.The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also change.
B. Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
C. Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to the formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.
The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.
What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine?
In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface.Sub routines do not return values.
Sub routines do not return exceptions.
Sub routines cannot be tested independently.
Declaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library.
What is a function group?
A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each other. All the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function module belongs to a function group.
what is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?
A. The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you can handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
B. You have to define the structure of the internal table at the begining. You need not define the structure of the extract dataset.
C. In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses extract datasets when storing them. This reduces the storage space required.
D. Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area or interface.
LOGICAL DATABASE
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases?
Ans :- A Logical Database is a hierarchical structure of tables. Use the GET statement to process Logical Databases.LDB consists of logically related tables grouped together - used for reading and processing data.
Advantages
1. No need of programming for retrieval , meaning for data selection
2. Easy to use standard user interface, have check completeness of user input.
Disadvantages
1. Fast in case of lesser no. of tables But if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower.
Preparation of the data records by the L.D.B and reading of the data records in the actual report are accomplished with the command pair.
Put and Get.
The three main elements of LDB are
Structure, Selections, Database Program.
What sort of tables one can use in designing the hierarchy of a LDB ?
Tables which are having Foreign key relations.
The structure of Logical Databases relfects the ________________ dependencies of hierarchical tables in the SAP System.
Foreign key
If you want to improve the response time ( time to access data ) Logical DataBases permits you to achieve this using ______________
VIEWS.
What are the advantages of Logical Data Bases ?
It offers an easy-to-use selection screen. You can modify the pre-generated selection screen to your needs. It offers check functions to check whether user input is complete, correct, and plausible. It offers reasonable data selections.It contains central authorization checks for database accesses. Enhancements such as improved performance immediately apply to all report programs that use the logical database.
RELATED POSTS
ABAP FAQ'S ON INTERACTIVE REPORTS
SAP Project blueprint
My SAP Project safety and security
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